Gupakira ibiryo ni igice gikomeje kwiyongera kandi gikomeje gukoreshwa cyane, gikomeje guhindurwamo ikoranabuhanga rishya, uburyo burambye n'amabwiriza. Gupakira byahoraga bigira ingaruka ku baguzi ku dupakira tw’ibiribwa dushobora kuba turimo abantu benshi. Byongeye kandi, udupakira ntabwo tukiri udupakira gusa tw’ibicuruzwa binini. Ikoranabuhanga rishya, kuva ku gupakira byoroshye kugeza ku gucapa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, rituma ibicuruzwa bito kandi bigezweho byinjira ku isoko.
Ibyinshi byitwa "ibirango by'abashaka kugura" muri rusange bigira umubare munini, ariko umubare w'ibyo batumiza kuri buri cyiciro uzaba muto. SKU nazo zikomeje kwiyongera uko amasosiyete manini acuruza ibicuruzwa bipakiye ku isoko agerageza ibicuruzwa, gupakira no kwamamaza ku maduka. Icyifuzo cy'abaturage cyo kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bufite ubuzima bwiza ni cyo gitera ibintu byinshi muri uru rwego. Abaguzi kandi barashaka kwibutswa no kurindwa ko gupakira ibiribwa bizakomeza kugira uruhare runini mu bijyanye n'isuku mu gukwirakwiza, kwerekana, gukwirakwiza, kubika no kubika ibiribwa.
Uko abaguzi bagenda barushaho gushishoza, bakunda no kumenya byinshi ku bicuruzwa. Gupfunyika mu buryo bugaragara bivuga gupfunyika ibiryo bikozwe mu bikoresho bibonerana, kandi uko abaguzi barushaho guhangayikishwa n'ibintu bikoreshwa mu biribwa n'uburyo bwo kubikora, icyifuzo cyabo cyo kugaragara mu buryo bugaragara kiriyongera.
Birumvikana ko amabwiriza agira uruhare runini mu gupfunyika ibiryo, cyane cyane ko abaguzi barushaho gusobanukirwa ibijyanye n'umutekano w'ibiryo kurusha mbere hose. Amategeko n'amabwiriza bireba ko ibiryo bifatwa neza muri byose, bigatuma umuntu agira ubuzima bwiza.
①Impinduka mu gupfunyika byoroshye
Bitewe n'imiterere n'ibyiza byo gupfunyika mu buryo bworoshye, amoko menshi y'ibiribwa, manini n'amato, yatangiye kwakira gupfunyika mu buryo bworoshye. Gupfunyika mu buryo bworoshye biri kugaragara cyane ku maduka kugira ngo byorohereze ubuzima bwo mu modoka.
Ba nyir'ibirango bifuza ko ibicuruzwa byabo bigaragara neza kandi bigakurura amaso y'umuguzi mu masegonda 3-5, gupfunyika byoroshye ntibitanga gusa umwanya wa dogere 360 wo gucapa, ahubwo bishobora no 'gushushanywa' kugira ngo bikurure abantu kandi bitange imikorere myiza. Koroshya ikoreshwa no gukurura abantu benshi ni ingenzi ku ba nyir'ibirango.
Ibikoresho biramba n'ubwubatsi bw'ibipfunyika byoroshye, hamwe n'uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya, bituma biba igisubizo cyiza cyo gupfunyika ku bicuruzwa byinshi by'ibiribwa. Ntabwo bikingira neza ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo binaha ikirango inyungu yo kwamamaza. Urugero, ushobora gutanga ingero cyangwa ubwoko bw'ibicuruzwa byawe bungana n'ingendo, ugashyiraho ingero ku bikoresho byo kwamamaza, cyangwa ukabisangiza mu birori. Ibi byose bishobora kwerekana ikirango cyawe n'ibicuruzwa byawe ku bakiriya bashya, kuko gupfunyika byoroshye biza mu buryo butandukanye n'ingano.
Byongeye kandi, gupakira ibintu byoroshye ni byiza cyane mu bucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, kuko abaguzi benshi batumiza ibintu byabo mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga bakoresheje mudasobwa cyangwa telefoni. Mu zindi nyungu, gupakira ibintu byoroshye bifite inyungu zo kohereza ibintu.
Ibirango birimo kugera ku musaruro mwiza w’ibikoresho kuko gupakira byoroshye kurusha ibikoresho bikomeye kandi bitwara imyanda mike mu gihe cyo gukora. Ibi binafasha kunoza imikorere myiza y’ubwikorezi. Ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bikomeye, gupakira byoroshye biroroshye kandi biroroshye gutwara. Ahari inyungu ikomeye ku bakora ibiribwa ni uko gupakira byoroshye bishobora kongera igihe cyo kumara ibiryo, cyane cyane ibikomoka ku bimera bishya n’inyama.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uburyo bwo gupakira ibintu mu buryo bworoshye bwabaye akarere kagutse ku bakoresha amakarita, biha inganda zipakira ibintu amahirwe yo kwagura ubucuruzi bwazo. Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane mu bijyanye no gupakira ibiryo.
②Ingaruka za virusi nshya ya korona
Mu ntangiriro z'icyorezo, abaguzi birundaga mu maduka kugira ngo bagure ibyo kurya ku maduka vuba bishoboka. Ingaruka z'iyi myitwarire, hamwe n'ingaruka zikomeje guterwa n'icyorezo ku buzima bwa buri munsi, byagize ingaruka ku nganda z'ibiribwa mu buryo butandukanye. Isoko ry'ibipfunyika by'ibiribwa ntiryagizweho ingaruka mbi n'icyorezo. Kubera ko ari inganda z'ingenzi, ntiryafunzwe nk'izindi nganda nyinshi, kandi ibipfunyika by'ibiribwa byagize iterambere rikomeye mu 2020 kuko abaguzi bakenera ibipfunyika byinshi. Ibi biterwa n'impinduka mu mirire; abantu benshi barira mu ngo zabo aho kurya hanze. Abantu banakoresha amafaranga menshi ku bintu by'ingenzi kuruta ku bintu by'agaciro. Nubwo uruhande rw'ibipfunyika by'ibiribwa, ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byagoranye kujyana n'umuvuduko, ibikenewe bizakomeza kuba byinshi muri 2022.
Ibintu byinshi byagaragaye muri iki cyorezo byagize ingaruka kuri iri soko, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi, igihe cyo gutangira akazi ndetse n'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, icyifuzo cyo gupakira cyariyongereye, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi cyane mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihuze n'ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bikoreshwa, cyane cyane ibiribwa, ibinyobwa n'imiti. Ubushobozi bw'umucuruzi bwo gucapa buriho buri gutera igitutu kinini. Kugera ku izamuka rya 20% ku mwaka ry'ibicuruzwa byabaye ikintu gisanzwe gitera imbere ku bakiriya bacu benshi.
Gutegereza igihe gito cyo gutumiza ibicuruzwa bihurirana n’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe, bigashyira igitutu ku batunganya ibicuruzwa kandi bikingura amarembo yo gukura mu gupakira ibikoresho byoroshye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. Twabonye iyi ngeso itera imbere mu myaka mike ishize, ariko icyorezo cyihutishije impinduka. Abatunganya ibikoresho byoroshye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nyuma y’icyorezo bashoboye kuzuza ibyo batumije vuba no kugeza ku bakiriya ibicuruzwa mu gihe gito cyane. Kuzuza ibyo batumije mu minsi 10 aho kuba iminsi 60 ni impinduka ikomeye ku bigo, bituma ibicuruzwa bito byo gupakira ibikoresho byoroshye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga bikemura ikibazo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe mu gihe abakiriya babikeneye cyane. Ingano nto zo gukoresha ibikoresho byoroshye zorohereza umusaruro w’ikoranabuhanga, ikindi kimenyetso cy’uko impinduramatwara yo gupakira ibikoresho byoroshye gukoresha ikoranabuhanga itakomeje kwiyongera cyane, ahubwo izakomeza no kwiyongera.
③Guteza imbere ibikorwa birambye
Hari imbaraga nyinshi mu kwirinda imyanda mu ruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, kandi gupakira ibiribwa bifite ubushobozi bwo gutera imyanda myinshi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo n'abatunganya ibiribwa barimo guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho birambye. Igitekerezo cyo "kugabanya, kongera gukoresha, kongera gukoresha" nticyigeze kigaragara cyane kurusha iki.
Icyerekezo nyamukuru tubona mu bijyanye n'ibiribwa ni ukwibanda ku gupakira ku buryo burambye. Mu gupakira kwabo, ba nyir'ibirango bibanda cyane ku guhitamo ibintu birambye kurusha mbere hose, ibi birimo ingero z'igabanuka ry'ingano y'ibikoresho kugira ngo bigabanye karubone, gushyira imbaraga mu kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, no gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Nubwo ikiganiro kinini kijyanye no gukomeza gupakira ibiribwa kigamije gukoresha ibikoresho, ibiribwa ubwabyo ni ikindi kintu cyo kwitabwaho. Collins wo muri Avery Dennison yagize ati: “Imyanda y’ibiribwa si yo iri ku isonga mu biganiro birambye byo gupakira, ariko byagakwiye kuba byo. Imyanda y’ibiribwa igizwe na 30-40% by’ibiribwa byo muri Amerika. Iyo igiye mu myanda, iyi myanda y’ibiribwa ibyara methane n’indi myuka igira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Gupakira byoroshye bituma igihe kirekire cyo kumara mu nzego nyinshi z’ibiribwa kigabanuka, bigabanya imyanda. Imyanda y’ibiribwa igizwe n’ijanisha rinini ry’imyanda mu myanda yacu, mu gihe gupakira byoroshye bigizwe na 3% -4%. Kubwibyo, umusaruro wose wa karuboni mu gupakira no gupakira mu myanda yoroshye ni mwiza ku bidukikije, kuko bikomeza gutuma ibiribwa byacu bimara igihe kirekire nta myanda myinshi irimo.
Gupfunyika ifumbire birimo kwiyongera ku isoko, kandi nk'umucuruzi twihatira kuzirikana kongera gukoresha no gufumbira mu gihe dutegura udushya two gupfunyika, Recyclable Packaging, uburyo butandukanye bwo gupfunyika bushobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-07-2022
