Kubera ko isi igenda yiyongera ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, imikoreshereze n’uburyo bwo gukora ibikapu byibiribwa nabyo birahinduka bucece. Imifuka y'ibiribwa gakondo ya plastike yitabiriwe cyane kubera kwangiza ibidukikije. Ibihugu byafashe ingamba zo kugabanya imikoreshereze yabyo no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi niterambere no gukoresha ibikoresho byangirika. Iyi ngingo izasesengura uko imifuka y'ibiribwa igeze, ibibazo bahura nabyo, hamwe n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza.
1. Ibihe byifashe mumifuka y'ibiryo
Nkibikoresho byingirakamaro mubipfunyika mubuzima bwa buri munsi, imifuka y'ibiryo ikoreshwa cyane muri supermarket, kugaburira, gufata no mubindi bice. Dukurikije imibare, umubare w’imifuka ya pulasitike ikorwa ku isi buri mwaka ni mwinshi nka tiriyari, kandi igice kinini cyayo gikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiryo. Ariko, gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitike byazanye ibibazo bikomeye by ibidukikije. Bifata imyaka amagana kugirango plastike ibore mubidukikije, kandi ibintu byangiza bizarekurwa mugihe cyo kubora, byanduza ubutaka n’amazi.
Mu myaka yashize, ibihugu byinshi n’uturere twatangiye kubona iki kibazo kandi byashyizeho politiki yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imifuka ya pulasitike. Kurugero, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi watoye Amabwiriza y’imyenda ya Plastike mu 2015, usaba ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kugabanya imikoreshereze y’imifuka ya pulasitike ikoreshwa kugeza kuri 90 ku muntu ku mwaka mu 2021. Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa bwashyize mu bikorwa “itegeko rya plastike” mu mijyi myinshi mu rwego rwo gushishikariza ubucuruzi gukoresha ibikoresho byangirika.
2. Ibidukikije byangiza imifuka ya pulasitike
Ibidukikije byangiza imifuka ya pulasitike bigaragarira cyane cyane mubice bikurikira:
Umwanda wo mu nyanja: Umubare munini wimifuka ya pulasitike ujugunywa uko bishakiye hanyuma amaherezo ugatemba mu nyanja, bigahinduka imyanda yo mu nyanja. Ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bibeshye kurya imifuka ya pulasitike, bitera urupfu cyangwa gukura bidasanzwe, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buringanire bw’ibidukikije.
Guhumanya ubutaka: Iyo imifuka ya pulasitike ibora mu butaka, irekura imiti yangiza, ikagira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’ubutaka no gukura kw'ibimera.
Imyanda yumutungo: Umusaruro wimifuka ya pulasitike utwara peteroli nyinshi, washoboraga gukoreshwa mubindi bikorwa byingenzi.
3. Kuzamuka kw'imifuka y'ibiryo byangirika
Mu guhangana n’ibibazo by’ibidukikije biterwa n’imifuka ya pulasitike, ibigo byinshi n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi byatangiye guteza imbere imifuka y’ibiribwa yangirika. Ubusanzwe iyi mifuka ikozwe mubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa nka krahisi y ibihingwa na aside polylactique (PLA), bishobora kwangirika bisanzwe mubihe bimwe na bimwe, bikagabanya umutwaro kubidukikije.
Gutera imifuka ya krahisi: Ubu bwoko bwimifuka bukozwe mubikoresho fatizo byibimera nkibigori, kandi bifite biocompatibilité kandi byangirika. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko imifuka ya krahisi ishobora kwangirika rwose mumezi make mugihe gikwiye.
Imifuka ya aside ya polylactique: Acide Polylactique ni bioplastique ikozwe mubikoresho bishobora kuvugururwa (nka krahisi y'ibigori) ifite imashini nziza kandi ikorera mu mucyo, ibereye gupakira ibiryo. Imifuka ya acide polylactique irashobora kwangirika mugihe cyamezi 6 mugihe ifumbire mvaruganda.
Ibindi bikoresho bishya: Usibye ibinyamisogwe na acide polylactique, abashakashatsi banashakisha ibindi bikoresho byangirika, nkibikomoka ku nyanja, mycelium, nibindi. Ibyo bikoresho bishya ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo binatanga imikorere myiza yo gupakira.
4. Ibibazo by'imifuka y'ibiryo yangirika
Nubwo imifuka yibiribwa yangiritse ifite ibyiza bigaragara mukurengera ibidukikije, iracyafite imbogamizi mugikorwa cyo kuzamura no kuyishyira mu bikorwa:
Ibibazo byigiciro: Kugeza ubu, igiciro cyibicuruzwa byangirika muri rusange kiri hejuru yicy'ibikoresho bya pulasitiki gakondo, bigatuma abadandaza benshi bagikunda gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitike ihendutse muguhitamo ibikoresho byo gupakira.
Kumenyekanisha abaguzi: Abaguzi benshi bafite ubumenyi budahagije bwimifuka yibiribwa yangirika kandi baracyamenyereye gukoresha imifuka ya plastike gakondo. Uburyo bwo guteza imbere ibidukikije no kubashishikariza guhitamo ibicuruzwa byangirika nurufunguzo rwo kuzamura.
Sisitemu yo gutunganya ibintu: Gutunganya no kuvura imifuka y'ibiribwa byangirika bisaba gushyiraho sisitemu yumvikana. Kugeza ubu, ahantu henshi ntabwo hashyizweho uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, bishobora gutera imifuka yangirika kuvangwa n’imifuka isanzwe ya pulasitike mu gihe cyo kuvura, bikagira ingaruka ku iyangirika.
5. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kumenyekanisha no gushyira mu bikorwa imifuka y’ibiribwa yangiritse, guverinoma, inganda n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi bigomba gufatanya gufata ingamba zikurikira:
Inkunga ya politiki: Guverinoma igomba gushyiraho politiki iboneye yo gushishikariza ibigo guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho byangirika, kandi bigatanga inkunga cyangwa imisoro ku bucuruzi bukoresha imifuka yangirika.
Uburezi rusange: Binyuze mu kumenyekanisha no kwigisha, guteza imbere abaturage kumenya imifuka y’ibiribwa yangirika kandi ushishikarize abaguzi guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije.
Ubushakashatsi n’ikoranabuhanga mu iterambere: Kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho byangirika, kugabanya ibiciro by’umusaruro, no kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho kugira ngo isoko ryuzuzwe neza.
Kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa: Gushiraho no kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya no gutunganya ibikoresho byangirika kugirango byangirike neza nyuma yo gukoreshwa no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Umwanzuro: Umuhanda wo kurengera ibidukikije ibikapu byibiribwa ni birebire kandi biragoye, ariko hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha rubanda, dufite impamvu zo kwizera ko ibipfunyika byibiribwa bizaba byiza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Binyuze mu mbaraga zihuriweho, turashobora gushiraho ubuzima bwiza kubisekuruza bizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-07-2024
