Kubera ko isi yose ikomeje gushyira mu bikorwa ubumenyi ku bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, uburyo bwo gukoresha no gutunganya amasashe y'ibiribwa nabwo burimo guhinduka buhoro buhoro. Amasashe asanzwe y'ibiribwa ya pulasitiki yitabwaho cyane bitewe n'uko yangiza ibidukikije. Ibihugu byafashe ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ryayo no guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n'iterambere n'ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika. Iyi nkuru izasuzuma uko amasashe y'ibiribwa ahagaze ubu, imbogamizi zihura nazo, n'icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza.
1. Imiterere y'amashashi y'ibiribwa muri iki gihe
Nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gupfunyika mu buzima bwa buri munsi, imifuka y'ibiribwa ikoreshwa cyane mu maduka manini, mu mafunguro, mu maduka yo gutwara ibiryo n'ahandi. Imibare igaragaza ko umubare w'imifuka ya pulasitiki ikorwa ku isi buri mwaka ugera kuri tiriyari, kandi igice kinini cyayo gikoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo. Ariko, ikoreshwa ry'imifuka ya pulasitiki ryateje ibibazo bikomeye by'ibidukikije. Bifata imyaka amagana kugira ngo pulasitiki ibore mu bidukikije karemano, kandi ibintu byangiza bizarekurwa mu gihe cyo kubora, bigahumanya ubutaka n'amazi.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ibihugu byinshi n'uturere byatangiye kubona iki kibazo kandi byashyizeho politiki yo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amasashe ya pulasitiki. Urugero, Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'u Burayi watoye amabwiriza agenga amasashe ya pulasitiki mu 2015, asaba ibihugu bigize uyu muryango kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amasashe ya pulasitiki kugeza kuri 90 ku muntu ku mwaka bitarenze umwaka wa 2021. Byongeye kandi, Ubushinwa bwashyizeho itegeko ryo "kubuza pulasitiki" mu mijyi myinshi kugira ngo bushishikarize ubucuruzi gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika.
2. Ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ziterwa n'amashashi ya pulasitiki
Ingaruka mbi ku bidukikije ziterwa n'amashashi ya pulasitiki zigaragarira ahanini muri ibi bikurikira:
Umwanda wo mu mazi: Umubare munini w'amashashi ya pulasitiki ajugunywa uko abyishakiye, amaherezo akajugunywa mu nyanja, agahinduka igice cy'imyanda yo mu mazi. Udukoko two mu mazi twibeshya ko turya amashashi ya pulasitiki, bigatuma apfa cyangwa agakura nabi, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku buringanire bw'ibidukikije.
Ubutaka bwandujwe: Iyo imifuka ya pulasitiki ibora mu butaka, irekura imiti yangiza, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'ubutaka no ku mikurire y'ibimera.
Gusesagura umutungo: Gukora imifuka ya pulasitiki bikoresha umutungo mwinshi wa lisansi, washoboraga gukoreshwa mu bindi bikorwa by'agaciro kurushaho.
3. Izamuka ry'imifuka y'ibiribwa ishobora kwangirika
Bitewe n'ibibazo by'ibidukikije biterwa n'amashashi ya pulasitiki, amasosiyete menshi n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi bya siyansi batangiye gukora amashashi y'ibiribwa ashobora kwangirika. Ubusanzwe aya mashashi akorwa mu bikoresho bishobora kongera gukoreshwa nka sitashi y'ibimera na aside polylactic (PLA), bishobora kwangirika mu buryo busanzwe mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, bigabanura umutwaro ku bidukikije.
Imifuka y'ibishyimbo by'ibimera: Ubu bwoko bw'imifuka bukorwa ahanini mu bikoresho fatizo by'ibimera nka sitashi y'ibigori, kandi bushobora kwangirika no kwangirika neza. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko imifuka y'ibishyimbo by'ibimera ishobora kwangirika burundu mu mezi make mu gihe cy'imimerere ikwiye.
Imifuka ya aside polylactic: aside polylactic ni bioplastic ikozwe mu bintu bishobora kongera gukoreshwa (nk'ibinyampeke by'ibigori) ifite imiterere myiza ya mekanike kandi ibonerana, ikwiriye gupakirwa mu biribwa. Imifuka ya aside polylactic ishobora kwangirika mu mezi 6 mu gihe cyo gukora ifumbire mvaruganda.
Ibindi bikoresho bishya: Uretse ibimera bivanze na aside polylactic, abashakashatsi barimo gushakisha ibindi bikoresho bishobora kwangirika, nk'ibikomoka ku bimera byo mu nyanja, mycelium, nibindi. Ibi bikoresho bishya ntibingiza ibidukikije gusa, ahubwo binatanga umusaruro mwiza wo gupakira.
4. Imbogamizi z'imifuka y'ibiribwa ibora
Nubwo imifuka y'ibiribwa ishobora kwangirika ifite ibyiza bigaragara mu kurengera ibidukikije, iracyahura n'imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu nzira yo kuyiteza imbere no kuyikoresha:
Ibibazo by'ikiguzi: Muri iki gihe, ikiguzi cyo gukora ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika muri rusange kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ibikoresho gakondo bya pulasitiki, ibi bigatuma abacuruzi benshi bagikoresha imifuka ya pulasitiki ihendutse iyo bahitamo ibikoresho byo gupfunyika.
Ubumenyi ku baguzi: Abaguzi benshi ntibafite ubumenyi buhagije ku mifuka y'ibiribwa ishobora kwangirika kandi baracyamenyereye gukoresha imifuka ya pulasitiki gakondo. Uburyo bwo kunoza ubumenyi bw'abaturage ku bidukikije no kubashishikariza guhitamo ibicuruzwa bishobora kwangirika ni ingenzi mu kwamamaza.
Uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho: Gutunganya no gutunganya amasashe y'ibiribwa ashobora kwangirika bisaba gushyiraho uburyo bwo gukoresha amajwi. Kuri ubu, ahantu henshi ntabwo harashyirwaho uburyo bwiza bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma amasashe ashobora kwangirika avangwa n'amasashe asanzwe ya pulasitiki mu gihe cyo kuyatunganya, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka ku kwangirika kwayo.
5. Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'ejo hazaza
Kugira ngo hamenyekane kandi hakoreshwe imifuka y’ibiribwa ishobora kwangirika, za leta, ibigo n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bagomba gukorana kugira ngo bafate ingamba zikurikira:
Inkunga ya politiki: Guverinoma igomba gushyiraho politiki zijyanye no gushishikariza ibigo guteza imbere no gukoresha ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika, no gutanga inkunga cyangwa inkunga ku bigo bikoresha amasashi ashobora kwangirika.
Uburezi rusange: Binyuze mu kwamamaza no kwigisha, kunoza ubumenyi bw'abaturage ku mifuka y'ibiribwa ishobora kwangirika no gushishikariza abaguzi guhitamo ibicuruzwa bitangiza ibidukikije.
Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga: Kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no guteza imbere ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora, no kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho kugira ngo bihuze neza n'ibyo isoko rikeneye.
Kunoza uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho: Gushyiraho no kunoza uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha no gutunganya ibikoresho bishobora kwangirika kugira ngo birusheho kwangirika neza nyuma yo kubikoresha no kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije.
Umwanzuro: Inzira yo kurengera ibidukikije by’amashashi y’ibiribwa ni ndende kandi iragoye, ariko hamwe n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga no kunoza ubukangurambaga bw’abaturage, dufite impamvu zo kwizera ko gupakira ibiribwa mu gihe kizaza bizaba byiza kandi bitangiza ibidukikije. Binyuze mu bikorwa bihuriweho, dushobora guhanga ibidukikije byiza ku bazaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-07-2024
